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Under Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which of the following accurately describes the scope and conditions for the right to an effective remedy and a fair trial? A The right applies to everyone whose rights and freedoms guaranteed by Union law are violated, entitling them to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time before an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law. B The right is primarily enforced by the European Commission, which monitors Member States' compliance and directly appoints national judges to ensure judicial independence. C The procedural guarantees for effective judicial protection are primarily codified in Article 67 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which establishes a common policy on asylum and immigration. D Under the pre-Lisbon framework, this guarantee was exclusively limited to criminal proceedings and did not extend to civil or administrative disputes involving Union law.
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